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Communication Sciences Notes
Acoustic Theory of Speech Production
Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: The acoustic theory of speech production delves into the mechanics of how our vocal apparatus produces sound, enabling us to express thoughts, emotions, and ideas. This article aims to unravel the secrets of speech production,...
Bases of Speech and Language – Neurological Social Cognitive and Genetic
Bases of Speech and Language - Neurological, Social, Cognitive and Genetic: The bases of speech and language - neurological, social, cognitive, and genetic - form a fascinating tapestry that shapes how we communicate and connect with one another. From the intricate...
Overview of Speech Production and Speech Mechanism
Overview of Speech Production and Speech Mechanism: Communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, and speech production is at the heart of this process. Behind every spoken word lies a series of intricate steps that allow us to convey our thoughts and...
Definitions of Speech Language and Communication
Definitions of Speech Language and Communication: Speech involves the physical production of sounds and words, language is a system of symbols and grammar used for meaningful communication, and communication encompasses the entire process of exchanging information...
Components of Speech Language and Communication
Components of Speech Language and Communication: An intentional, active two-way message exchange is communication. Humans converse with one another for a variety of reasons, including amusement. We see and take part in a range of communicative engagements every day....
Anatomy and Physiology of Speech and Hearing
Overview of Speech Production and Speech Mechanism
Overview of Speech Production and Speech Mechanism: Communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, and speech production is at the heart of this process. Behind every spoken word lies a series of intricate steps that allow us to convey our thoughts and...
Electronics and Acoustics
Acoustic Theory of Speech Production
Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: The acoustic theory of speech production delves into the mechanics of how our vocal apparatus produces sound, enabling us to express thoughts, emotions, and ideas. This article aims to unravel the secrets of speech production,...
Hearing Aid (HA) and its Components
Hearing Aid (HA) and its Components: Hearing aids are devices that boost sound levels so the patient can hear them. This process is called amplification. Most simply, a hearing aid amplifies sounds just like a megaphone, except the amplified sound is directed right...
Research Methods and Statistics
Professional Code of Ethics – ISHA
Professional Code of Ethics - ISHA: A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and standards. Need of Ethics To define expected and unaccepted behavior To...
Linguistics and Phonetics
Metaphon Therapy – Approaches and Activity
Metaphon Therapy - Approaches and Activity: In the realm of speech therapy, Metaphon Therapy stands as a promising approach that offers a fresh perspective on treating speech disorders. By focusing on Metaphon Therapy - Approaches and Activities, this article aims to...
Distinctive Features Speech Therapy
Distinctive Features Speech Therapy: Distinctive feature therapy is a specialized approach within speech therapy that focuses on targeting and refining specific speech sound features. It addresses the unique elements that distinguish one sound from another, allowing...
Minimal Pairs Speech Therapy for Articulation Disorder
Minimal Pairs Speech Therapy for Articulation Disorder: In the world of language, nuances matter, and even the slightest differences in pronunciation can lead to significant distinctions in meaning. This intricate play of sounds and syllables forms the basis of...
Phonetic Placement Therapy – Techniques | Cues | Chart
Phonetic Placement Therapy - Techniques | Cues | Chart: Phonetic Placement Therapy is a speech therapy technique used to correct speech sound errors by focusing on the precise placement of articulatory structures such as the lips, tongue, and vocal cords. It's often...
Phonetic Inventory Phonemic Inventory and Phonotactic Inventory
Phonetic Inventory Phonemic Inventory and Phonotactic Inventory: Phonetic Inventory refers to the complete set of distinct speech sounds utilized in a specific language. It encompasses both consonants and vowels, capturing the subtle variations in pronunciation that...
Neurology
Autism Symptoms Adult Women and Men
Autism Symptoms Adult Women and Men: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expression. Most of what we know about autism has been centered around diagnosing it in children and then understanding how to...
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS): Dysarthria, aphasia, and apraxia of speech (AOS) are among the speech and language disorders that can present unique challenges in diagnosis due to symptom overlap and comorbidity. The differences between dysarthria,...
How to do an Oral Mechanism Exam
How to do an Oral Mechanism Exam: The Oral Mechanism Exam, often referred to as the Oral Peripheral Mechanism Examination (OPME), is a comprehensive assessment conducted by speech-language pathologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals. It aims to evaluate...
Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication. The disorder also includes...
Nervous Systems of the Human Body
Nervous System of the Human Body: It is the Master Controlling and Communicating System of the Body. The Nervous System Controls and Coordinates all Essential Functions of the Human Body. Function of the Nervous System: Sensory Function Integrative Function Motor...
Otolaryngology
Tinnitus and Medical line of Treatment
Tinnitus and Medical line of Treatment: Tinnitus is the abnormal perception of sounds for which there is no external stimulus (see, e.g., Tyler, 2000 2006; Snow 2004; Henry, Dennis, & Schechter 2005). Tinnitus is typically associated with a wide variety of...
What is Hearing Loss and its type?
What is Hearing Loss and its type?: Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. Hearing Loss A person who is not able to hear...
Disorders of Vestibular System
Disorders of vestibular system cause vertigo and are divided into: Peripheral, which involve vestibular end organs and their 1st order neurons (i.e. the vestibular nerve). The cause lies in the internal ear or the VIIIth nerve. They are responsible for 85% of all...
Introduction to Speech Language Pathology
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (MCHAT-R)
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (MCHAT-R): This updated version of the original MCHAT has been created to detect early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in toddlers aged 16 to 30 months. Autism, a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder,...
Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS-2)
Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS-2): In this article, we talk about the components of the CARS-2, specifically the Standard version and Higher functioning version rating booklet. It facilitates a standardized assessment of individuals across a wide array of...
Autism Test for Teens | Kids | Adults
Autism Test for Teens | Kids | Adults: In the realm of autism assessment, a balanced and organized approach is integral to developing a nuanced understanding of a person’s condition. The autism assessment process is one of the most challenging pathways that the...
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 3 (GARS-3) Scoring Interpretation
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 3 (GARS-3) Scoring Interpretation: The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale is among the most widely used autism assessment instruments worldwide, it is in its third edition. The GARS-3 (Gilliam Autism Rating Scale) is designed to help teachers,...
Autism Symptoms Adult Women and Men
Autism Symptoms Adult Women and Men: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expression. Most of what we know about autism has been centered around diagnosing it in children and then understanding how to...
Voice and Its Disorders
Vocal Hygiene Checklist and Handout Pdf Download
Vocal Hygiene Checklist and Handout Pdf Download: Vocal hygiene is an often-overlooked but critical component for maintaining proper voice health; Seeking professionals such as a speech-language pathologist can explain these types of practices and habits in their...
Speech Sound Disorders
Barbara Hodson Cycle Approach
Barbara Hodson Cycle Approach: The Cycle Approach, developed by Barbara Hodson, is designed to address the unique needs of individuals with complex communication disorders, particularly those with highly specialized vocabulary demands. Hodson's approach comprises...
Core Vocabulary Approach – Goals | Steps | Activities
Core Vocabulary Approach - Goals | Steps | Activities: According to Dodd, Crosbie, and Holm, "the treatment of choice" for kids with erratic speech sound outputs who could be resistive to contrast therapy or conventional therapy is the core vocabulary approach. They...
Metaphon Therapy – Approaches and Activity
Metaphon Therapy - Approaches and Activity: In the realm of speech therapy, Metaphon Therapy stands as a promising approach that offers a fresh perspective on treating speech disorders. By focusing on Metaphon Therapy - Approaches and Activities, this article aims to...
Distinctive Features Speech Therapy
Distinctive Features Speech Therapy: Distinctive feature therapy is a specialized approach within speech therapy that focuses on targeting and refining specific speech sound features. It addresses the unique elements that distinguish one sound from another, allowing...
Minimal Pairs Speech Therapy for Articulation Disorder
Minimal Pairs Speech Therapy for Articulation Disorder: In the world of language, nuances matter, and even the slightest differences in pronunciation can lead to significant distinctions in meaning. This intricate play of sounds and syllables forms the basis of...
Motor Speech Disorders in Children
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2 (FDA 2): Scoring | Interpretation
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2 (FDA 2): Scoring | Interpretation: The Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA) represents a major step forward in the clinical approach to dysarthria, one of the most common types of acquired speech disorders, which results from...
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS): Dysarthria, aphasia, and apraxia of speech (AOS) are among the speech and language disorders that can present unique challenges in diagnosis due to symptom overlap and comorbidity. The differences between dysarthria,...
Sensory-Motor Treatment Approaches for Speech Therapy
Sensory-Motor Treatment Approaches for Speech Therapy: Sensory-Motor Treatment Approaches are invaluable tools in the field of speech therapy. By addressing the sensory-motor aspects of speech production, these approaches empower individuals to overcome speech...
Van Riper Traditional Articulation Therapy
Van Riper Traditional Articulation Therapy: Traditional articulation therapy is a structured and effective approach to address speech disorders. Through accurate assessment, personalized goals, consistent practice, and family involvement, individuals can overcome...
How to do an Oral Mechanism Exam
How to do an Oral Mechanism Exam: The Oral Mechanism Exam, often referred to as the Oral Peripheral Mechanism Examination (OPME), is a comprehensive assessment conducted by speech-language pathologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals. It aims to evaluate...
Language Disorders in Children
What is Gestalt Language Processing 4 Stages: Goals & Treatment
What is Gestalt Language Processing 4 Stages: Goals & Treatment: Have you ever seen a kid who can talk in full phrases or sentences but cannot dissect words? Maybe they recite entire tracts of dialogue from a loved-up movie or song and deploy it in a range of...
High Functioning Autism Parenting Guide for Autistic Child & Teen
High Functioning Autism Parenting Guide for Autistic Child & Teen: Parenting is not for the faint of heart, and raising a child with High Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome is not an exception. 1 in 54 children are diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder....
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (MCHAT-R)
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (MCHAT-R): This updated version of the original MCHAT has been created to detect early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in toddlers aged 16 to 30 months. Autism, a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder,...
Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS-2)
Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS-2): In this article, we talk about the components of the CARS-2, specifically the Standard version and Higher functioning version rating booklet. It facilitates a standardized assessment of individuals across a wide array of...
Autism Test for Teens | Kids | Adults
Autism Test for Teens | Kids | Adults: In the realm of autism assessment, a balanced and organized approach is integral to developing a nuanced understanding of a person’s condition. The autism assessment process is one of the most challenging pathways that the...
Structural Anomalies and Speech Disorders
Team of Professionals in the Management of Cleft Lip and Palate
Team of Professionals in the Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: Individuals with cleft lip and palate, typically demonstrate multiple complex issues may include, Early feeding and nutritional problems Developmental delay or learning disabilities Hearing loss...
Assessment of Persons with Cleft Lip and Palate
Assessment of Persons with Cleft Lip and Palate: Assessment and treatment of clefts may require use of appropriate personal protective equipment. An SLP conducts a comprehensive speech and language assessment using both standardized and non-standardized measures....
Associated Problems in Persons with Cleft Lip and Palate
Associated Problems in Persons with Cleft Lip and Palate: The problems associated with Cleft Lip and Palate depend on type and severity and whether both lip and palate are involved. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience difficulties in one or more of...
Fluency and Its Disorders
Management of Cluttering: Rational Techniques and Strategies
Management of Cluttering: Rational Techniques and Strategies: Management of Cluttering consists Identification, Monitoring and Self Awareness, Modification, Cluttering with Stuttering and Maintenance of Fluency. Identification of Cluttering Monitoring and Self...
Management of Neurogenic Stuttering: Rational, Techniques and Strategies
Management of Neurogenic Stuttering: Rational, Techniques and Strategies: Many conditions can cause SAAND (Stuttering Associated with Acquired Neurogenic Disorder) and affect the frequency with which it coexists with other communication impairments, there is no single...
Management of Normal Non-Fluency: Rational, Techniques and Strategies
Management of Normal Non-Fluency: Rational, Techniques and Strategies: The repeating, pauses, backing up, holding on to sounds and general confusion of “thinking and talking” are very normal. Children between three and four years of age have new experiences they want...
Issues of Speech Naturalness in Stuttering
Issues of Speech Naturalness in Stuttering: In recent years, clinical scientists have been concerned that treatments that produce fluency may not always result in natural-sounding speech. As Schiavetti and Metz (1997) warned, “Some stutterers may reduce their number...
Changing Scenario in Management of Stuttering
Changing Scenario in Management of Stuttering: Procedures to Create an Environment that Facilitates Fluency Preschool-age children, especially those on the borderline between normal disfluency and stuttering, may need only a little change in their environments for...
Motor Speech Disorders in Adults
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2 (FDA 2): Scoring | Interpretation
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2 (FDA 2): Scoring | Interpretation: The Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA) represents a major step forward in the clinical approach to dysarthria, one of the most common types of acquired speech disorders, which results from...
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
Dysarthria vs Aphasia vs Apraxia of Speech (AOS): Dysarthria, aphasia, and apraxia of speech (AOS) are among the speech and language disorders that can present unique challenges in diagnosis due to symptom overlap and comorbidity. The differences between dysarthria,...
Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT): Goal | Steps | Phrases
Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT): Goal | Steps | Phrases - Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a specific speech therapy approach created to aid people with non-fluent aphasia and apraxia of speech in regaining speech function. Beginning with short, incredibly...
Principles of Motor Learning for Motor Based Treatment Approach
Principles of Motor Learning - Motor Based Treatment Approach: Motor learning is a fascinating part of human behavior that involves the acquisition of skills through practice and experience. Whether it's learning to ride a bike, play a musical instrument, or master a...
Motor Speech Disorders: Definitions and Classification
Motor Speech Disorders: Definitions and Classification: Motor Speech Disorders can be defined as speech disorders resulting from neurologic impairments affecting the planning, programming, control or execution of speech. Types of Motor Speech Disorders There are two...
Language Disorders in Adults
Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R)
The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) is a revision of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB; Kertesz, 1982). It is a standardized, individually administered test that is specifically designed to assess language function following stroke, dementia, or other acquired...
Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT): Goal | Steps | Phrases
Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT): Goal | Steps | Phrases - Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a specific speech therapy approach created to aid people with non-fluent aphasia and apraxia of speech in regaining speech function. Beginning with short, incredibly...
Bases of Speech and Language – Neurological Social Cognitive and Genetic
Bases of Speech and Language - Neurological, Social, Cognitive and Genetic: The bases of speech and language - neurological, social, cognitive, and genetic - form a fascinating tapestry that shapes how we communicate and connect with one another. From the intricate...
Neurolinguistic Models of Language Processing
Neurolinguistic Models of Language Processing: There are many schools of thought regarding the brain's function with various aspects of information processing. These are the some different Neurolinguistic Models of Language Processing: Connectionist models...
Dysphagia/Swallowing Disorders
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